Skin is Sexless: A look into the differences between Male and Female skin health
Our skin is our largest organ. It controls regulation and equilibrium of the body, and it acts as a physical barrier against penetration of inorganic matter. Skin Care is important for all, and has no boundaries. But it is important to take into account the biological differences between male and female skin types. By differentiating between the two, dermatologists and other skin specialists are able to develop proper approaches to skin management and overall health.
Research suggests that knowledge of sex-linked cutaneous differences may help in study planning and development of female and male-oriented products. For example, a notable distinction in regards to skin disorders is that infectious diseases are commonly presented in men, whereas psychosomatic problems; pigmentary disorders, autoimmune/allergic diseases, and certain hair diseases are more common in women (Chen et al. 2010).
It’s important to note that the exact mechanisms that underlie these sex-related distinctions is unknown. Environmental differences, sex hormones, behavioral factors, and ethnicity may all contribute to these differences.
As we’ve discussed before, hydration and prevention of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are key elements of skincare. Hydration is crucial to maintaining overall skin health, as it prevents inflammation, dryness, and damage to the skin barrier. Various studies have been conducted that compare TEWL in males and females. In these studies, it was found that men showed significantly lower TEWL than women for those below 50, but also for those aged 50–60 years old (Rahrovan et al., 2018). In this case it would be a good idea for females to have more hydrating products marketed towards them.
Another distinction to make is that of sex hormones and facial and body hair. Testosterone is synthesized in the testes, ovaries, and the adrenal cortex. Estrogen and progesterone are synthesized in the ovaries. Skin is a steroidogenic tissue, meaning that it metabolizes sex hormones and responds to them (Giacomoni et al., 2009). Hair follicles are formed before birth, with no new follicles produced afterwards. Because hair is biologically and morphologically different in different parts of the body, the rate of growth, response to stimuli, and structure differs as well. Hair on eyebrows and eyelashes are not responsive to sex hormones, while pubic, axillary, and facial hair are. Excess testosterone in women can lead to alopecia (hair loss) or hirsutism (growth of thick hair in abnormal areas for women). For men, hair loss can occur with a lack of testosterone. In women, excess testosterone can also result in increased acne. This is because testosterone stimulates sebum production, which when produced in excess can trigger inflammation of sebaceous glands (Giacomoni et al., 2009).
It’s important to recognize differences like this when formulating skin care products because both males and females have biological compositions that can alter their skin reactions. So if women tend to have higher rates of TEWL, it would be helpful to keep in mind when formulating moisturizers or hyaluronic acid serums. Having a sudden outbreak of acne for a woman could lead a dermatologist to look towards hormonal imbalance and excess testosterone as a possibility. Keeping these differences in mind can make finding solutions to skin problems more straightforward.
Author: Katherine Vanta
Concept By: Ekta Y MD MBA MS
Art: Jennifer Rivas and Sarah Hale
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